The Principality of Ruhnu is established as a semi-constitutional monarchy, with H.R.H. Prince Björke I serving as the sovereign head of state. The constitutional framework of Ruhnu balances traditional monarchical leadership with modern democratic principles, creating a system where the Prince holds significant ceremonial and diplomatic powers while the elected parliament manages day-to-day governance.

As a young and newly established principality, Ruhnu's constitutional structure is designed to provide stability and continuity while allowing for democratic representation. The Prince's role is carefully defined to ensure that he serves as a unifying symbol for the principality while respecting the democratic will of its citizens.

Under the Constitution of the Principality of Ruhnu, Prince Björke I is granted several key powers and responsibilities:

Executive Authority

• Appointment of the Prime Minister: Following parliamentary elections, the Prince formally appoints the leader of the majority party or coalition as Prime Minister.
• Royal Assent: All legislation passed by the Parliament of Ruhnu requires the Prince's signature to become law. While the Prince generally grants assent to democratically approved legislation, he maintains the right to return bills to parliament for reconsideration.
• Dissolution of Parliament: In specific circumstances outlined in the constitution, the Prince may dissolve parliament and call for new elections, typically on the advice of the Prime Minister or following a vote of no confidence.

Judicial Role

• Appointment of Judges: The Prince appoints judges to Ruhnu's courts based on recommendations from the Judicial Appointments Commission.
• Clemency Powers: The Prince holds the right to grant pardons, commute sentences, or grant clemency in criminal cases, typically on the advice of the Minister of Justice.

Defense and Security

• Commander-in-Chief: The Prince serves as the nominal Commander-in-Chief of Ruhnu's defense forces, though operational control rests with the government and professional military leadership.
• Declaration of Emergency: In times of crisis, the Prince may declare a state of emergency, subject to parliamentary approval within a specified timeframe.

The relationship between the Prince and the Parliament of Ruhnu is defined by a careful balance of powers and mutual respect:

Parliamentary Sessions

The Prince formally opens each new session of parliament with the traditional "Speech from the Throne," outlining the government's legislative agenda. While the speech is delivered by the Prince, its content is prepared by the government.

Royal Advisory Council

A Royal Advisory Council, consisting of experienced statespeople and experts in various fields, provides guidance to the Prince on constitutional matters. This council serves as an important bridge between the monarchy and the elected government.

Constitutional Conventions

Several unwritten conventions govern the relationship between the Prince and Parliament:

• The Prince acts on the advice of ministers in most matters of state, respecting the democratic mandate of the elected government.
• The Prince maintains political neutrality, refraining from publicly expressing partisan political views.
• Regular meetings between the Prince and the Prime Minister ensure open communication and coordination on matters of state.

As head of state, Prince Björke I fulfills numerous ceremonial functions that reinforce the identity and traditions of the Principality of Ruhnu:

State Ceremonies

• National Day: Presiding over celebrations on May 15, the anniversary of the establishment of the Principality.
• Awards and Honors: Conferring state honors and awards for service to the principality.
• Military Ceremonies: Participating in ceremonies related to Ruhnu's defense forces.

Cultural Role

• Patronage: Serving as patron of various cultural institutions, charities, and organizations that promote Ruhnu's heritage and development.
• Traditional Festivals: Participating in traditional Baltic and Scandinavian festivals that celebrate Ruhnu's unique cultural heritage.

Community Engagement

• Royal Visits: Conducting visits to communities, institutions, and organizations throughout Ruhnu.
• Public Recognition: Recognizing achievements and milestones of Ruhnu's citizens and residents.

Prince Björke I serves as Ruhnu's chief diplomat and representative on the international stage:

International Representation

• State Visits: Conducting official visits to other nations and hosting foreign heads of state.
• Diplomatic Reception: Receiving credentials from foreign ambassadors and diplomatic representatives.
• International Forums: Representing Ruhnu at international conferences and forums, particularly those focused on Baltic cooperation, environmental conservation, and cultural heritage.

Treaty Powers

The Prince formally ratifies international treaties and agreements after they have been approved by parliament. This includes agreements related to trade, environmental protection, cultural exchange, and diplomatic relations.

Diplomatic Initiatives

Given Prince Björke's background in international relations and environmental studies, he plays an active role in promoting diplomatic initiatives related to:

• Baltic Sea environmental conservation
• Cultural preservation and exchange among Baltic nations
• Sustainable development models for small island communities
• Cooperation among micronations and small states